Stefan Simanowitz argues that the National Intelligence Estimate, widely seen to “undermine the central argument of those arguing for tougher sanctions and precipitant military strikes” against Iran, contradicts the IAEA’s failure to find, “despite nearly 3,000 person-hours of inspections,” any evidence “that Iran has diverted its nuclear programme to military purposes.” Rather, by claiming that Iran had such a program in the past, and suggesting that it might be restarted at any time, Simanowitz sees the NIE as leaving an opening for future neoconservative claims.